This means that maos theory of revolutionary war can be applied to the boko haram crisis in nigeria in order to find more effective methods than have been used so far by the government of nigeria to fight boko haram. The word boko haram means western education is forbidden. In 2015 the group began calling itself islamic state in west africa. Boko haram emerged in maiduguri and not in kano or sokoto, or in any of the other numerous nigerian and sahelian cities where one can find poverty, corruption, and radical preachers. The history of boko haram in nigeria the islamic fundamentalist group, boko haram, has admitted of being.
Boko haram emerged from the northern nigeria state of borno. It vehemently affirmed the infallibility of the quran as the uncreated and eternal word of allah. Separated from husbands and sons conscripted or killed by boko haram or arrested by security forces, many women are now fully. Its stated goal is to overthrow the secular government of nigeria and replace it with an islamic system. Ozoigbo, bonaventure ikechukwu directorate of general studies, federal university of technology owerri, nigeria. Using historical research to draw attention to the boko haram insurgency and its.
This is against the backdrop of the rising spate of violent attacks. An insurgency led by the islamist group has claimed tens of thousands of lives and displaced millions more in. The effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic development in nigeria and its. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty. Its founder was mohammed yusuf, who was a known fundamentalist and his thinking was influenced by wahhabi theology. With the foregoing analysis, we have established the fact that terrorism exists in nigeria. Nigerias boko haram group explained in 60 seconds bbc news. The end of 2011 general election in nigeria results to mass recognition of another set of militant popularly called boko haram. State department designated boko haram and its offshoot ansaru as terrorist organizations in november 20, citing boko haram s links with aqim and its responsibility for thousands of deaths in northeast and central nigeria over the last several years including targeted killings of civilians. Boko haram insurgency wikipedia republished wiki 2. The paper is designed to investigate the factors responsible for boko haram insurgency in yobe state, nigeria. To understand what led to the abductions one must first look backward, not only at the formation of boko haram itself, but also at the complex history of nigeria, islam in west africa and the deep corruption that has robbed the continents biggest oil producer, largest economy and most populous nation of even basic development, keeping the. Timeline of boko haram insurgency in nigeria from 2009. The name boko was derived from boka or sorcerera character associated with shirk which is an automatic act of disbelief and the most repugnant act of islam.
Pdf it is almost three years ago that a group of northern nigerian militants that. Nigeria s militant islamist group boko haram is fighting to overthrow the government and create an islamic state. Only by closely examining boko harams history in northeast ern nigeria does it become possible to identify critical junc tures in the movements trajectory. According to a september 20 house of representatives homeland security committee report, the aqim boko haram collaboration is a mature relationship that allows boko haram an avenue to advance its capability, and. Yusuf muhammads teaching propagated hatred toward western civilization. After decades of vacillating between periods of military rule and democracy, punctuated by coups, the nigerian fourth republic began as general abdusalami abubakar peacefully handed over power to olusegun obasanjo after democratic elections. The experiences of women and girls in the north east are analyzed in this report, in order to inform interventions to better alleviate their suffering, facilitate their contribution to lasting peace and mitigate the threat from female boko haram members. Boko haram emerged around 2002 as a local islamic group. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and. Jul 26, 2009 the boko haram insurgency began in 2009, when the jihadist rebel group boko haram started an armed rebellion against the government of nigeria. Internationalisation of boko haram insurgency on nigeria. Since 2009, boko haram has transformed itself from a cultlike religious movement into a revolutionary insurgent organization. Nov 24, 2016 nigeria s militant islamist group boko haram which has caused havoc in africas most populous country through a wave of bombings, assassinations and abductions is fighting to overthrow the.
This article places both rebellions in comparative perspective. A sample size of 150 counsellors was used for the study. O, domestic, terrorism and boko haram insurgency in nigeria, issues and trends a historical discourse journal of arts. Examining the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria and the quest for a permanent resolution of the crisis joseph olukayode akinbi ph. According to liolio 20, the successful recruitment of the people into the group. Boko harams insurgency is fuelled by nigerias history, geopolitical structure, ethnoreligious composition and socioeconomic disparities udounwa 20. Jan 25, 2018 in 2012 about 792 people were killed as a result of the boko haram insurgency. Timeline of boko haram insurgency in nigeria from 2009 till.
Effects of boko haram insurgency on the socioeconomic. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of. The rise of boko haram in nigeria combating terrorism. Nigerias battle with boko haram council on foreign relations. The current boko haram and ansaru insurgencies are localised in parts of the northern states, but they seem to have the potential of spreading to other parts of the sprawling territory of the north which would be a significant spread of that insurgency. Public opinion on the root causes of terrorism and objectives of. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigeria s muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic state. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. The next subdivision of this paper deals with the historical beginnings and. Boko haram is a toptier threat to africas most populous country. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. The niger delta militancy and boko haram insurgency pose the greatest security threat to nigeria since the end of the civil war in 1970.
Massacre possibly deadliest in boko harams history. As one of the few organisations with fieldbased expertise in the greater sahel and on all four countries caught up in the insurgency cameroon, chad, niger and nigeria crisis group is well placed to analyse boko harams. This study adopts poverty theory to examine the threat of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national security. In nigeria, boko haram wa s responsible for more than 80 percent of all terrorist attacks between 1970 and 201 3 for which a perpetrator group was identified, despite their relatively recent onset of violence in 2009. At about age eighteen, he moved to kano, in what is today northern nigeria, and began a career as a preacher.
This research explores the theoretical categorization of boko haram as a terrorist organization and the effects of extrajudicial killing and an ineffective judicial system in providing a. Their intention was to implement sharia law in nigeria and. The history of boko haram cannot be disentangled from the immense political change nigeria underwent during the 1999 transition to democracy. Pdf boko haram insurgency has constituted a nagging predicament to the. Boko haram follows a purely military insurgency model and currently has no political front. On the 5 th of january, 37 christians were killed by boko haram militants in northeastern nigeria. Nigerias militant islamist group boko haram is fighting to overthrow the government and create an islamic state. Boko haram, a militant group based in nigerias northwestern states of yobe and borno, claimed responsibility. The nature of nigerias boko haram war, 20102015 universiteit. Jul 30, 2015 starting in late january 2015, a coalition of military forces from nigeria, chad, cameroon, and niger began a counter insurgency campaign against boko haram. The insurgency of boko haram, which started as a weak, disorganised, loosely coordinated and inchoate movement, mutated to pose serious threats to national security. The boko haram sect and the community of survivors in northeast nigeria should. Their intention was to implement sharia law in nigeria and turn the country to full islamic country.
Boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty and political. Boko haram is an islamist movement founded in 2002 by yusuf muhammad in borno state of northeast nigeria. These set of militant during the cause of prosecuting their objective have destroyed properties worth billions of naira. The state of insecurity engendered by boko haram insurgency in nigeria. Since crisis group proposed an agenda for women affected by the boko haram insurgency in 2016, policies have somewhat improved. Jun 06, 2014 boko harams story begins with a preacher named mohammed marwa, born in 1927. However the group members call themselves jamaah alahlu alsunnah li aldawah wa aljihad. Boko haram, islamic sectarian movement founded in 2002 in northeastern nigeria. With particular reference to nigeria, the phenomenon has found expression in the emergence of boko haram insurgency 2001date.
The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 7 leadership have recently surfaced. Boko haram s story begins with a preacher named mohammed marwa, born in 1927. Apparently, the increasing spread of nefarious activities of boko haram sect in nigeria and the destruction of lives and property is a growing concern that could not be wished away with a wave of hand alao. Boko haram insurgency wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. The impact of the boko haram insurgency in northeast nigeria. Boko harams sixyearold insurgency has pitted neighbour against neighbour, and cost more than 00 lives. The group has caused havoc in africas most populous country through a campaign of.
D department of history, adeyemi federal university of education p. Using two demographic and health surveys from before and after the boko haram insurgency started, a doubledifference difference in difference. Only by closely examining boko haram s history in northeast ern nigeria does it become possible to identify critical junc tures in the movements trajectory. Since 2009 the group has carried out largescale acts of violence. The boko haram insurgency began in 2009, 69 when the jihadist group boko haram started an armed rebellion against the government of nigeria. Likewise, deaths from boko harams attacks represented nearly 70 percent of all fatalities from terrorist attacks in nigeria. Next, we summarize the history of boko haram and its activities. Boko haram itself was founded in 2002 in borno state by a group of islamic clerics. Since its advent, the sectarian insurgency has wrecked immense havoc in the country, especially by using explosives and firearms with. The impact of boko haram insurgency on nigerian national. In 2012 about 792 people were killed as a result of the boko haram insurgency.